UKRI/ERC Frontier Research Grant 2024–2029

Class Struggle in Ancient Greek Democracy

Putting class at the centre of our understanding of the emergence, nature, and development of Greek democracy — where it belongs.

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Class at the centre of the historical reconstruction of ancient Greek democracy

This project contends that class dynamics — grounded in the economic and occupational structures of the Greek cities, and manifesting themselves in the social, political, and cultural oppositions that characterised them — are fundamental for understanding the emergence, nature, and development of Greek democracies.

Class, for instance, plays a central role in Aristotle’s analysis of contemporary politics. In his view, the citizenry of any polis could be divided into two parts, the rich and the poor, with further, complex subdivisions based on occupation.

For this keen observer of the politics of his day, thinking about Greek politics in terms of class was indispensable.

Yet class has been all but abandoned as an explanatory concept by most modern scholars. It is this project’s aim to put class back where Aristotle placed it: at the heart of the analysis of ancient Greek politics and society.

Four Interconnected Areas of Investigation

I

Class & the Economy

A granular analysis of the occupational structure of Greek cities, providing crucial insights into the material interests of different population segments and the economic underpinnings of class relations.

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II

Class & Politics

Examining how class oppositions structured episodes of civil strife (stasis), different constitutional arrangements, and redistributive mechanisms in Greek democracy.

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III

Class Identity & Culture

Investigating dynamics of deference and distinction — from embodied class markers like demeanour and clothing to cultural tastes including music, athletics, and communal eating — and how popular morality restrained the powerful.

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IV

Class at the Intersection

An intersectional approach examining how class dynamics intersected with gender, the treatment of foreigners, and the central place of slavery in Greek democratic societies.

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Core Project Team

Mirko Canevaro

Mirko Canevaro

Principal Investigator

Professor of Greek History
University of Edinburgh

David Lewis

David Lewis

Co-Investigator

Senior Lecturer in Greek History and Culture
University of Edinburgh

Douglas Cairns

Douglas Cairns

Co-Investigator

Professor of Classics
University of Edinburgh

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